《君主论·第三章·混合君主国》第2节
For these reasons Louis the Twelfth, King of France, quickly occupied Milan, and as quickly lost it; and to turn him out the first time it only needed Lodovico’s own forces; because those who had opened the gates to him, finding themselves deceived in their hopes of future benefit, would not endure the ill-treatment of the new prince. It is very true that, after acquiring rebellious provinces a second time, they are not so lightly lost afterwards, because the prince, with little reluctance, takes the opportunity of the rebellion to punish the delinquents, to clear out the suspects, and to strengthen himself in the weakest places. Thus to cause France to lose Milan the first time it was enough for the Duke Lodovico to raise insurrections on the borders; but to cause him to lose it a second time it was necessary to bring the whole world against him, and that his armies should be defeated and driven out of Italy; which followed from the causes above mentioned. Duke Lodovico was Lodovico Moro, a son of Francesco Sforza, who married Beatrice d’Este. He ruled over Milan from 1494 to 1500, and died in 1510. Nevertheless Milan was taken from France both the first and the second time. The general reasons for the first have been discussed; it remains to name those for the second, and to see what resources he had, and what any one in his situation would have had for maintaining himself more securely in his acquisition than did the King of France.
注释摘要
这一段承接了马基雅维利在第三章开头提出的核心命题：新获得的领土，尤其是混合君主国中异质的部分，极难守住。他用法国国王路易十二在米兰的两次得失来验证这个道理。他的论证链条是这样的：路易十二之所以能迅速占领米兰，是因为当地有人对他不满，主动为他打开城门；但这些人之所以这样做，是希望推翻旧政权后能过得更好。然而新君主必然要给新领地带去军队和种种负担，反而伤害了这…