《君主论·第三章·混合君主国》第1节
But the difficulties occur in a new principality. And firstly, if it be not entirely new, but is, as it were, a member of a state which, taken collectively, may be called composite, the changes arise chiefly from an inherent difficulty which there is in all new principalities; for men change their rulers willingly, hoping to better themselves, and this hope induces them to take up arms against him who rules: wherein they are deceived, because they afterwards find by experience they have gone from bad to worse. This follows also on another natural and common necessity, which always causes a new prince to burden those who have submitted to him with his soldiery and with infinite other hardships which he must put upon his new acquisition. In this way you have enemies in all those whom you have injured in seizing that principality, and you are not able to keep those friends who put you there because of your not being able to satisfy them in the way they expected, and you cannot take strong measures against them, feeling bound to them. For, although one may be very strong in armed forces, yet in entering a province one has always need of the goodwill of the natives.
注释摘要
这里马基雅维利开始正面解剖混合君主国最核心的矛盾。他并不把困难归结为某一位君主的愚蠢或运气不好，而是从一种人性的普遍反应入手：人们之所以愿意换掉旧统治者、打开城门迎接新主，是因为心里怀着日子会变好的希望，这种希望足以让他们拿起武器反抗旧君。可是一旦新君入主，现实几乎必然是反向的——他们会发现处境比从前更糟。之所以如此，是因为新君为了巩固刚拿下的地盘，不得不…