《旧制度与大革命·卷二·第十八章·政府借此数种做法完成对民众的革命教育》第2节
During the reigns which followed that of Louis XIV., the administration day by day instilled into the people in a manner still more practical and comprehensible the contempt in which private property was to be held. When during the latter half of the eighteenth century the taste for public works, especially for roads, began to prevail, the Government did not scruple to seize all the land needed for its undertakings, and to pull down the houses which stood in the way. The French Board of Works was already just as enamoured of the geometrical beauty of straight lines as it has been ever since; it carefully avoided following the existing roads if they were at all crooked, and rather than make the slightest deviation it cut through innumerable estates. The ground thus damaged or destroyed was never paid for but at an arbitrary rate and after long delay, or frequently not at all. When the Provincial Assembly of Lower Normandy took the administration out of the hands of the Intendant, it was discovered that the price of all the land seized by authority in the preceding twenty years for making roads was still unpaid. The debt thus contracted by the State, and not discharged, in this small corner of France, amounted to 250,000 livres. The number of large proprietors thus injured was limited; but the small ones who suffered were very numerous, for even then the land was much subdivided. Every one of these persons had learnt by his own experience how little respect the rights of an individual can claim when the interest of the public requires that they should be invaded--a doctrine which he was not likely to forget when the time came for applying it to others for his own advantage.
注释摘要
托克维尔在这一节里转向了一个非常具体却极为要害的机制：旧制度国家是怎样通过日常的行政实践，在民众心中埋下了轻视私有财产权的观念。这一教育不靠说教，而靠政府的所作所为本身。他举出的核心例子是十八世纪下半叶公共工程的大规模铺开，尤其是道路建设。 当时法国正在系统性地建造和改善全国道路网，这是一项在旧制度下取得了显著实绩的事业。但托克维尔关心的不是路修得多好，而…