《乌合之众·第一编·群体的心理·群体的一般特征·心理统一律》第9节
Such also is approximately the state of the individual forming part of a psychological crowd. He is no longer conscious of his acts. In his case, as in the case of the hypnotised subject, at the same time that certain faculties are destroyed, others may be brought to a high degree of exaltation. Under the influence of a suggestion, he will undertake the accomplishment of certain acts with irresistible impetuosity. This impetuosity is the more irresistible in the case of crowds than in that of the hypnotised subject, from the fact that, the suggestion being the same for all the individuals of the crowd, it gains in strength by reciprocity. The individualities in the crowd who might possess a personality sufficiently strong to resist the suggestion are too few in number to struggle against the current. At the utmost, they may be able to attempt a diversion by means of different suggestions. It is in this way, for instance, that a happy expression, an image opportunely evoked, have occasionally deterred crowds from the most bloodthirsty acts. We see, then, that the disappearance of the conscious personality, the predominance of the unconscious personality, the turning by means of suggestion and contagion of feelings and ideas in an identical direction, the tendency to immediately transform the suggested ideas into acts; these, we see, are the principal characteristics of the individual forming part of a crowd. He is no longer himself, but has become an automaton who has ceased to be guided by his will.
注释摘要
在这段论述中，勒庞将他对于群体心理的核心机制推向了最极端的表述。他试图证明，个体一旦融入有组织的心理群体，便进入了一种近似被催眠的状态。勒庞在此直接援引了他那个时代非常流行的催眠术理论——这并非文学修辞，而是十九世纪末法国医学界与心理学界热烈争论的课题，沙尔科在萨尔佩特里埃医院对癔症患者的公开演示曾轰动巴黎，勒庞本人作为医生，自然熟悉这套话语。他把群体对个…