《乌合之众·第一编·群体的心理·群体的一般特征·心理统一律》第8节
A third cause, and by far the most important, determines in the individuals of a crowd special characteristics which are quite contrary at times to those presented by the isolated individual. I allude to that suggestibility of which, moreover, the contagion mentioned above is neither more nor less than an effect. To understand this phenomenon it is necessary to bear in mind certain recent physiological discoveries. We know to-day that by various processes an individual may be brought into such a condition that, having entirely lost his conscious personality, he obeys all the suggestions of the operator who has deprived him of it, and commits acts in utter contradiction with his character and habits. The most careful observations seem to prove that an individual immerged for some length of time in a crowd in action soon finds himself--either in consequence of the magnetic influence given out by the crowd, or from some other cause of which we are ignorant--in a special state, which much resembles the state of fascination in which the hypnotised individual finds himself in the hands of the hypnotiser. The activity of the brain being paralysed in the case of the hypnotised subject, the latter becomes the slave of all the unconscious activities of his spinal cord, which the hypnotiser directs at will. The conscious personality has entirely vanished; will and discernment are lost. All feelings and thoughts are bent in the direction determined by the hypnotiser.
注释摘要
勒庞在这一节里推进了他对群体心理成因的论证，之前已经提出数量带来的无敌感和相互传染，现在他引入第三个——也是他认为最关键的原因——暗示性。他把传染仅仅看作暗示性的一种效果，也就是说，群体成员之所以会彼此传递同样的情绪与行为，根源在于他们都进入了一种特殊的被暗示状态。要理解这个现象，勒庞直接借用了当时生理学与精神病学领域最新潮的概念：催眠。 这里要注意勒庞所…