《沉思录·卷三·写于卡尔农图姆》第16条
Body, soul, intelligence: to the body belong sensation, to the soul appetites, to the intelligence principles. To receive the impressions of forms by means of appearances belongs even to animals; to be pulled by the strings of desire belongs both to wild beasts and to men who have made themselves into women, and to a Phalaris and a Nero: and to have the intelligence that guides to the things which appear suitable belongs also to those who do not believe in the gods, and who betray their country, and do their impure deeds when they have shut the doors. If then everything else is common to all that I have mentioned, there remains that which is peculiar to the good man, to be pleased and content with what happens, and with the thread which is spun for him; and not to defile the divinity which is planted in his breast, nor disturb it by a crowd of images, but to preserve it tranquil, following it obediently as a god, neither saying anything contrary to the truth, nor doing anything contrary to justice. And if all men refuse to believe that he lives a simple, modest, and contented life, he is neither angry with any of them, nor does he deviate from the way which leads to the end of life, to which a man ought to come pure, tranquil, ready to depart, and without any compulsion perfectly reconciled to his lot.
注释摘要
奥勒留在这里画出一道非常清晰的分界线，而他的画法比表面上看起来要更锋利。他先把人分成三个层次：身体、灵魂和理智。这里必须小心，“灵魂”在斯多葛派的用法里并非我们通常理解的纯粹理性或道德主体，它更接近生命气息，是人和动物共有的那个驱动欲望与本能冲动的部分。只有第三个层次，理智，才是人里面那个能把握原则、进行判断的东西。对应的，身体有感觉，灵魂有欲望，理智有原…