《乌合之众·第二编·群体的意见与信念·群体的领袖及其说服手段》第6节
Still, though the energy of leaders of this class is a force to be reckoned with, it is transitory, and scarcely outlasts the exciting cause that has brought it into play. When they have returned to their ordinary course of life the heroes animated by energy of this description often evince, as was the case with those I have just cited, the most astonishing weakness of character. They seem incapable of reflection and of conducting themselves under the simplest circumstances, although they had been able to lead others. These men are leaders who cannot exercise their function except on the condition that they be led themselves and continually stimulated, that they have always as their beacon a man or an idea, that they follow a line of conduct clearly traced. The second category of leaders, that of men of enduring strength of will, have, in spite of a less brilliant aspect, a much more considerable influence. In this category are to be found the true founders of religions and great undertakings: St. Paul, Mahomet, Christopher Columbus, and de Lesseps, for example. Whether they be intelligent or narrow-minded is of no importance: the world belongs to them. The persistent will-force they possess is an immensely rare and immensely powerful faculty to which everything yields. What a strong and continuous will is capable of is not always properly appreciated. Nothing resists it; neither nature, gods, nor man. The most recent example of what can be effected by a strong and continuous will is afforded us by the illustrious man who separated the Eastern and Western worlds, and accomplished a task that during three thousand years had been attempted in vain by the greatest sovereigns. He failed later in an identical enterprise, but then had intervened old age, to which everything, even the will, succumbs.
注释摘要
在这一段，勒庞对他之前划分的两类领袖做出了更细致的性格区分，并试图证明第二种类型——拥有持久意志力的人——才是历史真正的缔造者。他的论证建立在一种非常十九世纪的观念上：把人的心理能量比作一种有限的、会消耗的精神燃料。 第一类领袖拥有他把被称为间歇性意志力的人。勒庞用拿破仑帝国时期的奈伊与缪拉元帅，以及意大利统一运动中的加里波第来做例子。在他的描述里，这些人…