《乌合之众·第二编·群体的意见与信念·群体的领袖及其说服手段》第5节
These ringleaders and agitators may be divided into two clearly defined classes. The one includes the men who are energetic and possess, but only intermittently, much strength of will, the other the men, far rarer than the preceding, whose strength of will is enduring. The first mentioned are violent, brave, and audacious. They are more especially useful to direct a violent enterprise suddenly decided on, to carry the masses with them in spite of danger, and to transform into heroes the men who but yesterday were recruits. Men of this kind were Ney and Murat under the First Empire, and such a man in our own time was Garibaldi, a talentless but energetic adventurer who succeeded with a handful of men in laying hands on the ancient kingdom of Naples, defended though it was by a disciplined army.
注释摘要
勒庞在这一段里把群体领袖分成两类，这个区分看起来简洁，背后是他对领袖心理的一种诊断式理解。他要论证的不是领袖的重要性——这在前文已经反复强调过了——而是为什么有的领袖能掀起风暴却转瞬即逝，有的领袖却能持久地改变历史走向。他给出的解释关键落在意志品质上：一类人的意志力是猛烈但间歇性的，另一类人的意志力则是绵长而持久不衰的。 第一类领袖，按照勒庞的描述，是那种…