《乌合之众·第二编·群体的意见与信念·群体意见与信念的间接因素》第22节
"In the three stages of instruction, those of childhood, adolescence and youth, the theoretical and pedagogic preparation by books on the school benches has lengthened out and become overcharged in view of the examination, the degree, the diploma, and the certificate, and solely in this view, and by the worst methods, by the application of an unnatural and anti-social regime, by the excessive postponement of the practical apprenticeship, by our boarding-school system, by artificial training and mechanical cramming, by overwork, without thought for the time that is to follow, for the adult age and the functions of the man, without regard for the real world on which the young man will shortly be thrown, for the society in which we move and to which he must be adapted or be taught to resign himself in advance, for the struggle in which humanity is engaged, and in which to defend himself and to keep his footing he ought previously to have been equipped, armed, trained, and hardened. This indispensable equipment, this acquisition of more importance than any other, this sturdy common sense and nerve and will-power our schools do not procure the young Frenchman; on the contrary, far from qualifying him for his approaching and definite state, they disqualify him. In consequence, his entry into the world and his first steps in the field of action are most often merely a succession of painful falls, whose effect is that he long remains wounded and bruised, and sometimes disabled for life. The test is severe and dangerous. In the course of it the mental and moral equilibrium is affected, and runs the risk of not being re-established. Too sudden and complete disillusion has supervened. The deceptions have been too great, the disappointments too keen."[12]
注释摘要
这段文字并非勒庞本人的原创，而是他大幅引用的同时代史学家兼哲学家泰纳在《现代政体》第二卷中的论述。勒庞将它放在教育这一节的末尾，意在借用这位权威的声音，为他对拉丁式教育体系的批判提供总结性证言。泰纳的论证逻辑十分清晰：法国的学校教育将童年、少年和青年三个成长阶段全部囚禁在书本与考试的牢笼里，用理论灌输取代实践见习，用寄宿制度切断学生与现实社会的自然接触，结…