《乌合之众·第二编·群体的意见与信念·群体意见与信念的间接因素》第21节
"In the hospital, the mine, the factory, in the architect's or the lawyer's office, the student, who makes a start while very young, goes through his apprenticeship, stage by stage, much as does with us a law clerk in his office, or an artist in his studio. Previously, and before making a practical beginning, he has had an opportunity of following some general and summary course of instruction, so as to have a framework ready prepared in which to store the observations he is shortly to make. Furthermore he is able, as a rule, to avail himself of sundry technical courses which he can follow in his leisure hours, so as to co-ordinate step by step the daily experience he is gathering. Under such a system the practical capabilities increase and develop of themselves in exact proportion to the faculties of the student, and in the direction requisite for his future task and the special work for which from now onwards he desires to fit himself. By this means in England or the United States a young man is quickly in a position to develop his capacity to the utmost. At twenty-five years of age, and much sooner if the material and the parts are there, he is not merely a useful performer, he is capable also of spontaneous enterprise; he is not only a part of a machine, but also a motor. In France, where the contrary system prevails--in France, which with each succeeding generation is falling more and more into line with China--the sum total of the wasted forces is enormous." The great philosopher arrives at the following conclusion with respect to the growing incongruity between our Latin system of education and the requirements of practical life:--
注释摘要
这段引文出自勒庞援引的泰纳的论述，他在此处并非自己直接论证，而是在引用他所推崇的权威来加强自己的核心论点：教育的内容和形式，是塑造群体心智、进而决定一个国家命运的间接因素。勒庞的观点很明确，他认为在英美的实操性、学徒制教育中，个体被培养成能独立思考、有自发性的“马达”，而法国的书本灌输教育，则只能制造服从指令的“零件”。这一对比，是为了支撑他全书的一个根本…