《乌合之众·第一编·群体的心理·群体的情感与道德》第21节
Authoritativeness and intolerance are sentiments of which crowds have a very clear notion, which they easily conceive and which they entertain as readily as they put them in practice when once they are imposed upon them. Crowds exhibit a docile respect for force, and are but slightly impressed by kindness, which for them is scarcely other than a form of weakness. Their sympathies have never been bestowed on easy-going masters, but on tyrants who vigorously oppressed them. It is to these latter that they always erect the loftiest statues. It is true that they willingly trample on the despot whom they have stripped of his power, but it is because, having lost his strength, he has resumed his place among the feeble, who are to be despised because they are not to be feared. The type of hero dear to crowds will always have the semblance of a Caesar. His insignia attracts them, his authority overawes them, and his sword instils them with fear. A crowd is always ready to revolt against a feeble, and to bow down servilely before a strong authority. Should the strength of an authority be intermittent, the crowd, always obedient to its extreme sentiments, passes alternately from anarchy to servitude, and from servitude to anarchy.
注释摘要
勒庞在这一段里讨论的是群体的权威主义倾向与不宽容。他要证明的核心主张是：群体对专制与不容异见抱有天然的亲近感，而这与他们缺乏推理能力、受极端情感支配的特性密切相关。群体不会容忍矛盾与讨论，在公共集会上，一个提出异议的演说者立刻就会遭到狂怒的吼叫和辱骂，如果坚持己见就面临暴力驱逐，这在他看来是一切群体共有的特征。 他进而提出一个更具挑衅性的观点：群体对力量表…