《查拉图斯特拉如是说·第三部》第38节
“To the clean are all things clean”—thus say the people. I, however, say unto you: To the swine all things become swinish! Therefore preach the visionaries and bowed-heads (whose hearts are also bowed down): “The world itself is a filthy monster.” For these are all unclean spirits; especially those, however, who have no peace or rest, unless they see the world FROM THE BACKSIDE—the backworldsmen! TO THOSE do I say it to the face, although it sound unpleasantly: the world resembleth man, in that it hath a backside,—SO MUCH is true! There is in the world much filth: SO MUCH is true! But the world itself is not therefore a filthy monster! There is wisdom in the fact that much in the world smelleth badly: loathing itself createth wings, and fountain-divining powers! In the best there is still something to loathe; and the best is still something that must be surpassed!— O my brethren, there is much wisdom in the fact that much filth is in the world!— Such sayings did I hear pious backworldsmen speak to their consciences, and verily without wickedness or guile,—although there is nothing more guileful in the world, or more wicked. “Let the world be as it is! Raise not a finger against it!” “Let whoever will choke and stab and skin and scrape the people: raise not a finger against it! Thereby will they learn to renounce the world.” “And thine own reason—this shalt thou thyself stifle and choke; for it is a reason of this world,—thereby wilt thou learn thyself to renounce the world.”— —Shatter, shatter, O my brethren, those old tables of the pious! Tatter the maxims of the world-maligners!— “He who learneth much unlearneth all violent cravings”—that do people now whisper to one another in all the dark lanes. “Wisdom wearieth, nothing is worth while; thou shalt not crave!”—this new table found I hanging even in the public markets. Break up for me, O my brethren, break up also that NEW table! The weary-o’-the-world put it up, and the preachers of death and the jailer: for lo, it is also a sermon for slavery:— Because they learned badly and not the best, and everything too early and everything too fast; because they ATE badly: from thence hath resulted their ruined stomach;— —For a ruined stomach, is their spirit: IT persuadeth to death! For verily, my brethren, the spirit IS a stomach! Life is a well of delight, but to him in whom the ruined stomach speaketh, the father of affliction, all fountains are poisoned. To discern: that is DELIGHT to the lion-willed! But he who hath become weary, is himself merely “willed”; with him play all the waves. And such is always the nature of weak men: they lose themselves on their way. And at last asketh their weariness: “Why did we ever go on the way? All is indifferent!”
注释摘要
查拉图斯特拉在这里正借着“旧榜与新榜”的长篇独白，逐条重估那些被人类奉若神明的道德教条。这一段所攻击的，是某种以“纯洁”和“厌世”姿态出现的虚无主义。他先引了一句民间的道德俗谚——“对于洁净者，万物皆洁净”，然后立刻翻转了它的逻辑：问题不在于世界是否洁净，而在于看世界的是谁。如果是猪，那么万物在它眼中、在它嘴里，都只会变成猪食。这句话的锋芒直指那些以“善”…