《论自由·第三章·个性·论幸福的要素之一》第7节
It is so, on the Calvinistic theory. According to that, the one great offence of man is Self-will. All the good of which humanity is capable, is comprised in Obedience. You have no choice; thus you must do, and no otherwise: "whatever is not a duty, is a sin." Human nature being radically corrupt, there is no redemption for any one until human nature is killed within him. To one holding this theory of life, crushing out any of the human faculties, capacities, and susceptibilities, is no evil: man needs no capacity, but that of surrendering himself to the will of God: and if he uses any of his faculties for any other purpose but to do that supposed will more effectually, he is better without them. That is the theory of Calvinism; and it is held, in a mitigated form, by many who do not consider themselves Calvinists; the mitigation consisting in giving a less ascetic interpretation to the alleged will of God; asserting it to be his will that mankind should gratify some of their inclinations; of course not in the manner they themselves prefer, but in the way of obedience, that is, in a way prescribed to them by authority; and, therefore, by the necessary conditions of the case, the same for all.
注释摘要
密尔在这一段里所做的工作，是把他此前对习俗专制和个性压抑的批判，推向一个更深的层次——他要挖出这种社会倾向背后那套系统化的生命理论，并为它命名。他找到的最典型、最清晰的对立面，就是加尔文主义的基督教人论。 在论证链条上，密尔刚刚描绘了一幅令人不安的现代图景：人们不再问自己真正想要什么，而是问什么与自己的地位相符、什么通常由地位更高的人去做，以至于“心灵本身…