《旧制度与大革命·卷三·第一章·大革命爆发之际人心的激荡与无所归依》第1节
What I have previously said of France is applicable to the whole Continent. In the ten or fifteen years preceding the French Revolution, the human mind was abandoned, throughout Europe, to strange, incoherent, and irregular impulses, symptoms of a new and extraordinary disease, which would have singularly alarmed the world if the world had understood them. A conception of the greatness of man in general, and of the omnipotence of his reason and the boundless range of his intelligence, had penetrated and pervaded the spirit of the age; yet this lofty conception of mankind in general was commingled with a boundless contempt for the age in which men were living and the society to which they belonged. Never was so much humility united to so much pride--the pride of humanity was inflated to madness; the estimate each man formed of his age and country was singularly low. All over the Continent that instinctive attachment and involuntary respect which the men of all ages and all countries are wont in general to feel for their own peculiar institutions, for their traditional customs, and for the wisdom or the virtues of their forefathers, had almost ceased to exist among the educated classes. Nothing was spoken of but the decrepitude and incoherence of existing institutions, the vices and corruption of existing society. Traces of this state of mind may be discovered throughout the literature of Germany. The philosophy, the history, the poetry, even the novels of the time, are full of it. Every product of the intellect was so stamped by it, that the books of that epoch bear a mark that distinguishes them from the works of every other age. All the memoirs of that day, which gave birth to a profusion of memoirs--all the correspondence of the time which has been published--attest a state of mind so different from the present, that nothing short of this concurrence of certain and abundant evidence could convince us of the fact. Every page of Schlosser’s ‘History of the Eighteenth Century’ reveals this general presentiment, that a great change was about to take place in the condition of mankind.
注释摘要
托克维尔在这一段里抛出了一个看似悖谬的判断：法国正在发生的事情，其实遍及整个大陆。他不是在讲制度，而是在讲一种精神气象。他的核心论断是，大革命前十年到十五年，全欧洲的有教养阶层陷入了一种他称之为“疾病”的状态——这病的症状是，人的心灵同时被两种看似相反的情绪占据：对人类无限伟力的信仰，和对自身所在社会的无限鄙弃。用他自己的话说，从来没有这么多骄傲和这么多谦…