《沉思录·卷十一·灵魂的属性》第19条
There are four principal aberrations of the superior faculty against which thou shouldst be constantly on thy guard, and when thou hast detected them, thou shouldst wipe them out and say on each occasion thus: This thought is not necessary: this tends to destroy social union: this which thou art going to say comes not from the real thoughts; for thou shouldst consider it among the most absurd of things for a man not to speak from his real thoughts. But the fourth is when thou shalt reproach thyself for anything, for this is an evidence of the diviner part within thee being overpowered and yielding to the less honorable and to the perishable part, the body, and to its gross pleasures (iv. 24; ii. 16).
注释摘要
这段话是在诊断灵魂内部的病灶。奥勒留并不像后世基督教修士那样去列一张罪过清单，他用的是斯多葛派特有的方式——把道德错误看作一种判断失误，而不是意志的败坏。所以他开出的不是忏悔，而是一套自我审查的程序。他所审视的那个东西，正是斯多葛心理学中居于核心位置的概念：hegemonikon，通常译为“主宰能力”或“主导原则”。在斯多葛的灵魂图景中，人不是各种冲动互相…