《道德形而上学基础·序言》第7节
I have adopted in this work the method which I think most suitable, proceeding analytically from common knowledge to the determination of its ultimate principle, and again descending synthetically from the examination of this principle and its sources to the common knowledge in which we find it employed. The division will, therefore, be as follows: 1 FIRST SECTION. Transition from the common rational knowledge of morality to the philosophical. 2 SECOND SECTION. Transition from popular moral philosophy to the metaphysic of morals. 3 THIRD SECTION. Final step from the metaphysic of morals to the critique of the pure practical reason.
注释摘要
这一段是康德为全书定下的方法论说明，同时也是理解他论证结构的一把钥匙。他在这里明确告诉我们，这部著作不是随意铺陈的论文，而是按照严格的步骤设计的：先分析，再综合。这两个词在十八世纪的哲学语境里各有确切的含义，不可按今天的日常用法去理解。分析法在这里指的是从已经给予的东西出发，一步步往上追溯，直到找出那个使这东西得以可能的最高条件或原则。对康德来说，这个已经…