《智慧书·第四辑·一五一至二百》第37则
Do pleasant Things Yourself, unpleasant Things through Others. By the one course you gain goodwill, by the other you avoid hatred. A great man takes more pleasure in doing a favour than in receiving one: it is the privilege of his generous nature. One cannot easily cause pain to another without suffering pain either from sympathy or from remorse. In high place one can only work by means of rewards and punishment, so grant the first yourself, inflict the other through others. Have some one against whom the weapons of discontent, hatred, and slander may be directed. For the rage of the mob is like that of a dog: missing the cause of its pain it turns to bite the whip itself, and though this is not the real culprit, it has to pay the penalty.
注释摘要
这段格言讲的是一套极其冷静的权力分配术：赏赐由自己亲手来做，惩罚则委托他人之手。葛拉西安把这归结为一句对仗工整的警句——你通过前者收获感激，通过后者避开怨恨。这句话在西班牙概念主义文体里本身就是一个浓缩的结构，两个半句互为镜像，而镜像之间的空隙，才是他真正要说的那层意思。 他紧接着给出的论证层层递进，每一条都是宫廷社会里反复验证过的经验。头一层是说，大人物…