《乌合之众·第三编·不同群体的分类与描述·选举群体》第3节
In what precedes, all the factors of persuasion which we have described are to be recognised. We shall come across them again in the action exerted by words and formulas, whose magical sway we have already insisted upon. An orator who knows how to make use of these means of persuasion can do what he will with a crowd. Expressions such as infamous capital, vile exploiters, the admirable working man, the socialisation of wealth, &c., always produce the same effect, although already somewhat worn by use. But the candidate who hits on a new formula as devoid as possible of precise meaning, and apt in consequence to flatter the most varied aspirations, infallibly obtains a success. The sanguinary Spanish revolution of 1873 was brought about by one of these magical phrases of complex meaning on which everybody can put his own interpretation. A contemporary writer has described the launching of this phrase in terms that deserve to be quoted:--
注释摘要
勒庞在这里展开的是一套关于选举话术的语言心理学。他要证明的核心命题很简单：在选举群体面前，词语的力量不取决于它们是否精确，而恰恰取决于它们是否足够模糊。这一段承接了前文已经详细论述过的断言、重复、传染与名望等说服手段，现在勒庞把这些手段聚焦到语言本身——也就是口号和套话如何在选举中起作用的机制。他列举的“罪恶的资本”“卑鄙的剥削者”“可敬的工人”“财富社会…