《乌合之众·第二编·群体的意见与信念·群体的领袖及其说服手段》第14节
Prestige in reality is a sort of domination exercised on our mind by an individual, a work, or an idea. This domination entirely paralyses our critical faculty, and fills our soul with astonishment and respect. The sentiment provoked is inexplicable, like all sentiments, but it would appear to be of the same kind as the fascination to which a magnetised person is subjected. Prestige is the mainspring of all authority. Neither gods, kings, nor women have ever reigned without it. The various kinds of prestige may be grouped under two principal heads: acquired prestige and personal prestige. Acquired prestige is that resulting from name, fortune, and reputation. It may be independent of personal prestige. Personal prestige, on the contrary, is something essentially peculiar to the individual; it may coexist with reputation, glory, and fortune, or be strengthened by them, but it is perfectly capable of existing in their absence. Acquired or artificial prestige is much the most common. The mere fact that an individual occupies a certain position, possesses a certain fortune, or bears certain titles, endows him with prestige, however slight his own personal worth. A soldier in uniform, a judge in his robes, always enjoys prestige. Pascal has very properly noted the necessity for judges of robes and wigs. Without them they would be stripped of half their authority. The most unbending socialist is always somewhat impressed by the sight of a prince or a marquis; and the assumption of such titles makes the robbing of tradesmen an easy matter.[18]
注释摘要
勒庞在这里提出了一个关键概念，即名望本质上是一种心理支配力，它不依赖理性论证，而是直接作用于人的情感深处，使得个体在面对某人、某部作品或某个观念时，丧失批判能力，内心充满惊奇与敬畏。这种心理状态被他比喻为被催眠者所经受的那种磁力般的着迷感。他进而断言，一切权威的核心动力皆在于名望，无论神祇、君主还是女性，若无此物便无法行使其统治。这一判断既是一种心理学描述…