《乌合之众·第二编·群体的意见与信念·群体意见与信念的间接因素》第19节
How is it possible for professional instruction to develop the intelligence in a measure quite beyond the reach of classical instruction? This has been well shown by M. Taine. "Ideas, he says, are only formed in their natural and normal surroundings; the promotion of the growth is effected by the innumerable impressions appealing to the senses which a young man receives daily in the workshop, the mine, the law court, the study, the builder's yard, the hospital; at the sight of tools, materials, and operations; in the presence of customers, workers, and labour, of work well or ill done, costly or lucrative. In such a way are obtained those trifling perceptions of detail of the eyes, the ear, the hands, and even the sense of smell, which, picked up involuntarily, and silently elaborated, take shape within the learner, and suggest to him sooner or, later this or that new combination, simplification, economy, improvement, or invention. The young Frenchman is deprived, and precisely at the age when they are most fruitful, of all these precious contacts, of all these indispensable elements of assimilation. For seven or eight years on end he is shut up in a school, and is cut off from that direct personal experience which would give him a keen and exact notion of men and things and of the various ways of handling them."
注释摘要
在这一段里，勒庞试图证明一个核心论点：真正发展智识的，不是书本和课堂里的抽象学习，而是人在具体劳作环境中所获得的那些零碎的、感官性的、不可替代的直接经验。他请出的权威证人是伊波利特·泰纳——十九世纪后期法国极具影响力的史学家与批评家。泰纳描绘了一幅对比鲜明的图景：一边是在车间、矿井、法庭、建筑工地和医院里，年轻人日复一日地接触工具、材料、操作流程，面对顾客…