《乌合之众·第一编·群体的心理·群体信念呈现的宗教形态》第2节
A person is not religious solely when he worships a divinity, but when he puts all the resources of his mind, the complete submission of his will, and the whole-souled ardour of fanaticism at the service of a cause or an individual who becomes the goal and guide of his thoughts and actions. Intolerance and fanaticism are the necessary accompaniments of the religious sentiment. They are inevitably displayed by those who believe themselves in the possession of the secret of earthly or eternal happiness. These two characteristics are to be found in all men grouped together when they are inspired by a conviction of any kind. The Jacobins of the Reign of Terror were at bottom as religious as the Catholics of the Inquisition, and their cruel ardour proceeded from the same source. The convictions of crowds assume those characteristics of blind submission, fierce intolerance, and the need of violent propaganda which are inherent in the religious sentiment, and it is for this reason that it may be said that all their beliefs have a religious form. The hero acclaimed by a crowd is a veritable god for that crowd. Napoleon was such a god for fifteen years, and a divinity never had more fervent worshippers or sent men to their death with greater ease. The Christian and Pagan Gods never exercised a more absolute empire over the minds that had fallen under their sway.
注释摘要
勒庞在这一段中完成了一个重要的概念扩展：他不再把“宗教”局限于对超自然神祇的崇拜，而是将其定义为一种心理状态——当一个人将全部心智、意志和狂热毫无保留地奉献给某个事业或某个个人，使后者成为思想和行动的唯一目标与指引时，他就是在践行一种宗教情感。由此勒庞断言，不宽容与狂热是宗教情感必然的伴生物，凡自以为掌握了终极幸福秘密的人，都会对异己者表现出排斥和迫害。在…